Nutrition.and.Diet.in.Maternal.Diabetes.[taliem.ir]

Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes

Diabetes is a serious and growing disease with implications for health and development. More than 400 million people have diabetes . While the majority of cases consist of type 2 diabetes, hyperglycaemia and diabetes in pregnancy and their outcomes present a serious and increasing global challenge . Babies born to women with elevated blood glucose levels are at greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including foetal abnormalities, macrosomia, obstructed labour, and hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycaemia at birth . Even with the mildest forms of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP), both mother and child are at increased risk of later development of type 2 diabetes, carrying on the diabetes epidemic through future generations . Estimating the global burden of HIP is a challenge because of the variety of methods and definitions used . However, the public health importance of HIP is high and understanding the direction of the epidemic and those most vulnerable is essential to beginning the important work of turning the tide on diabetes.
New.Techniques.in.Foot.and.Ankle.Surgery.[taliem.ir]

New Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery

A decade has now passed since the publication of the frst edition of New Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery. Te long wait until this second edition is based on the fact that the techniques are truly new and require scientifc evaluation of their efcacy. Te frst edition proved to be very successful and was sold out afer a year. Tanks to electronic media, it is no longer possible for the second edition to sell out. Tis book is still not intended to be a «textbook», with complete and complex descriptions of pathology and treatment of foot and ankle diseases and injuries. Rather, it continues to be a vade mecum: a handbook reference for the practicing surgical specialist. Te existing standard techniques serve as a thread running through this book. New techniques sometimes require special technical skills, particularly for arthroscopic/endoscopic surgeries (such as for the Achilles tendon). Tese new techniques do not compete with old techniques, but instead represent a special set of tools for the experienced surgeon or for the surgeons who choose to use them.
Mitochondrial.Dynamics.in.Cardiovascular.[taliem.ir]

Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Medicine

Mitochondria in cardiac myocytes are densely packed to form a cell-wide network of communicating organelles that accounts for about 35% of the myocyte’s volume . The lattice-like arrangement of mitochondria, mostly in long and dense rows parallel to the cardiac myocyte myoflaments, has the structural features of a highly ordered network . This specifc mitochondrial network architecture ensures that the large demand of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of cardiac myocytes is met and appropriately distributed. Mitochondria synthesize approximately 30 kg of ATP each day to both provide energy for the basic cellular metabolism and to secure basic physiological functions of the cardiovascular system such as the maintenance of pulmonary and systemic blood pressure during heart contractions . Their intracellular position is closely associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the myoflaments to facilitate cellular distribution of ATP . However, the role of mitochondrial structure and function is not only limited to ATP generation; mitochondria participate in and control numerous metabolic pathways and signaling cascades such as the calcium signaling, redox oxidation, β-oxidation of fatty acids, oxidative phosphorylation, the synthesis of aminoacids, heme and steroids, and cellular apoptosis . Their structural and functional diversity thus surpasses any other cellular organelle.
Obesity.and.Lipotoxicity.[taliem.ir]

Obesity and Lipotoxicity

Increase in prevalence of obesity has become a worldwide major health problem in adults, as well as among children and adolescents. Furthermore, total adiposity and truncal subcutaneous fat accumulation during adolescence are positively and independently associated with atherosclerosis at adult ages. Centrally accumulation of body fat is associated with insulin resistance, whereas distribution of body fat in a peripheral pattern is metabolically less important. Obesity is associated with a large decrease in life expectancy. The effect of extreme obesity on mortality is greater among younger than older adults. In this respect, obesity is also associated with increased risk of several cancer types. However, up to 30% of obese patients are metabolically healthy with insulin sensitivity similar to healthy normal weight individuals, lower visceral fat content, and lower intima media thickness of the carotid artery than the majority of metabolically “unhealthy” obese patients. Abdominal obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome; clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, is a major public health challenge. The average prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 31%, and is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of allcause mortality.
Nonsteroidal.Anti-Inflammatory.Drugs.[taliem.ir]

Space Travels and Empathy: A New Area of Educational Intervention

Empathy is a relevant factor which the astronauts must own to face with long missions. In fact, the absence of this can be a cause of a fail mission. Due to the fact space projects involve a great invest, the way of developing empathy on crew and the teaching of strategies is a priority. For all this, the main goal of this paper was to analyze the current situation of the research on empathy concerning space travels. The specifc objectives were (a) to fnd out how this issue and other psychological variables were related to astronauts and space travels and (b) to propose aspects for the design of an educational program to encourage people to solve social problems and develop social skills. For that, a review was made by using diferent databases and diferent resources by studying several variables related to empathy and long- duration space missions. Findings show that the psychological variables will be specially relevant in future missions and space colonization, as for instance, on Mars or the Moon. Conclusions can be useful to design educational programs to train crew members and control mission personnel on empathy and problem solving.
Lisansehaye-Milyarder.[taliem.ir]

ليسانسه هاي ميلياردر

ثروت و ثروتمندي نياز به آموزش دارد: دوست من سلام، من محمد قويدل هستم، مدرس موفقيت، مشاور كسب و كار و امور مالي. در اين كتاب الكترونيكي بسيار ارزشمند، قراره اطلاعاتي رو با تو دوست خوبم به اشتراك بگذارم كه ايمان دارم اگر اونها رو جدي بگيري، ميتونه زندگي تو رو متحول كنه. همانطور كه در عنوان كتاب نيز مشاهده كرديد داستان اصلي داستان من و حميد است كه از دل اين داستان حقايقي رو درخصوص موفقيت و ثروت برايتان بيرون خواهم كشيد. اين داستان يك داستان واقعي است و نتايج حاصله ثمره سالها تحقيق و سرك كشيدن در زندگي افراد موفق و ناكام است. اما با عنايت به اينكه سوء تفاهي ايجاد نگردد صرفاً بعضي از مكانها و افراد عوض شده اند.
Kasbe-Servat.[taliem.ir]

فرمول جادویی کسب ثروت

دوست عزیزم سلام همانطور که از نام این کتابچه مشخصه اینجا به بررسی مسائل و روشهای کسب درآمد اینترنتی که چندین بار عملا توسط افراد موفق در کسب و کارهای اینترنتی به کار گرفته شده و فوق العاده مفید و مؤثر واقع شده ا ست می پردازیم. و ما می خوام اونا رو با تو دوست خوبم در میان بذارم تا بتونی با استفاده از ایا کتابشه در کسب و کار اینترنتی خودت موفقیت های عالی و پر سودی رو در سریعترین زمان ممکن بدست بیاری. ایا کتابشه به صورت دوره ای به روز آوری و آپدیت می شه و یا راهنماییهای اون شما خواهید تونست با کسب و کارهای اینترنتی آشنا شده و بهترین و نزدیکترین راه ها را به صورت عملی و بسیار راحت فرا خواهید گرفت.
Haft-Gange-Pirezan.[taliem.ir]

هفت گنج پیرزن برای موفقیت

مرد جوان از شرایطش خسته شده بود او نمی دانست دلیل این حال بدش چیست فقط می دانست حالش خوب نیست . وقتی هم نگاهی به جیب خالی اش می انداخت این حال بدش، بدتر هم می شد ناگهان مثل دیوانه ها از جایش برخاست درب خانه را باز کرد بعد از یک ساعت پیاده روی دید در وسط شهر است. جوان بی توجه به شلوغی و سرگرمی های بازار غرق در فکر اوضاع بدش بود که چرا چرخ روزگار برای او نمی چرخد. در همین هین نزدیک بود یک ماشین آخرین مدل bmw زیرش بگیرد. نگاهی به راننده bmwانداخت دید جوانی هم سن و سال او راننده ماشین است هر چه راننده به او گفت حواست کجاست چرا یهو می پری وسط جاده؟ جوان انگار نمی شنید به راهش ادامه داد و غرق در این فکر شد که چرا او الان این ماشین را ندارد و در این شرایط است.
Personalised.Medicine.Lessons.[taliem.ir]

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Genome stability is maintained by a number of elegant mechanisms, which sense and repair damaged DNA. Germline defects that compromise genomic integrity result in cancer predisposition, exemplifed by rare syndromes caused by mutations in certain DNA repair genes. These individuals often exhibit other symptoms including progeria and neurodegeneration. Paradoxically, some of these deleterious genetic alterations provide novel therapeutic opportunities to target cancer cells; an excellent example of such an approach being the recent development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors as the frst ‘synthetic lethal’ medicine for patients with BRCA-mutant cancers. The therapeutic exploitation of synthetic lethal interactions has enabled a novel approach to personalised medicine based on continued molecular profling of patient and tumour material. This profling may also aid clinicians in the identifcation of specifc drug resistance mechanisms following relapse, and enable appropriate modifcation of the therapeutic regimen. This chapter focuses on therapeutic strategies designed to target aspects of the DNA damage response, and examines emerging themes demonstrating mechanistic overlap between DNA repair and neurodegeneration.
Pediatric.and.Adolescent.Plastic.Surgery.[taliem.ir]

Pediatric and Adolescent Plastic Surgery for the Clinician

The primary goal of this book is to share our experience in field of pediatric plastic surgery with health practitioners who are involved in primary practice and for all others who are involved in treatment of these patients .Some fields of pediatric plastic surgery such as clefs, benign and malignant tumors, and vascular anomalies are difficult to present in short chapter, or even in one a book, because of their complexity, especially that they are already described by many other authors. Our idea was to present most important topics in pediatric plastic surgery through 14 chapters with general information about the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and complications. Correction of prominent ears is presented because it is the most commonly performed aesthetic procedure in pediatric population, performed by different specialists. Microtia is in opposite extremely difficult to correct, and it is usually performed in specialized centers by highly experienced surgeons. Treatment of these patients by inexperienced surgeons can lead to devastating consequences. Breast anomalies are common in pediatric population, with aesthetic and reconstructive goals tightly connected. Breast augmentation in pediatric population has to be performed with high precautions, and these patients are best to treat at the end of adolescence. There is high variety of breast anomalies and there is no adequate classification yet. Fortunately breast tumors in pediatric population are mostly benign. Gynecomastia is the most commonly treated breast anomaly in male pediatric population and in most cases with minimally invasive procedures.