Emergency.Dermatology.Second.[taliem.ir]

Emergency Dermatology

When cells are damaged, as often occurs during trauma and metabolic stress, the organism has to choose whether to repair the damage by promoting cell survival or to remove irreparably injured cells. Cell injury occurs when an adverse stimulus reversibly disrupts the normal, complex homeostatic balance of the cellular metabolism. In this case, after injury the cellsattempt to seal breaks in their membranes, chaperone the removal or refolding of altered proteins, and repair damaged DNA. On the contrary, when cell injury is too extensive to permit reparative responses, the cell reaches a “point of no return,” and the irreversible injury culminates in programmed cell death (PCD). Specific properties or features of cells make them more or less vulnerable to external stimuli, thus determining the kind of cellular response. In addition, the characteristics of the injury (type of injury, exposure time, or severity) will affect the extent of the damage. We present a short overview of the best-known PCD pathways. We emphasize the apoptotic pathway, considered for years the hallmark of PCD, and the different stimuli that produce cell injury.
Pedare-Poldar-Pedar-Bi-Pol-Robert-Kiyosaki.[taliem.ir]

باباي دارا، باباي ندار

ما دوران گذشته را پشت سر گذاشته ايم و به زمان هاي رسيده ايم كـه علـم و ثـروت در يـك راسـتا قـرار گرفته اند. علم و ثروت بحث امروز است نويسندگان كتاب به اين نكته اشاره دارند كه “ تا ٣٠٠پيش، زمين منبع ثروت بود. زمـينداران ثروتمنـد به حساب مي آمدند، پس از آن دوران صنعتي فرارسيد و صاحبان صنايع به ثـروت رسـيدند. امـروز دوران دانش و اطلاعات است. كساني كه به اطلاعات تازه و روز دسترسي داشته باشند ثروتمندند.” نويسـندگان كتاب، روش هاي آموزشي مدارس را براي عصر حاضر مناسب و كافي نميدانند و معتقدند كه “مدرسه هـا كارمندپرورند و نه كارآفرين پرور.” آموزش هايي كه براي عصر سازمانهاي بزرگ و بوروكراتيك مناسـب بـود، ديگـر جوابگـوي نيازهـاي سازمانهاي پيچيده، شبكه اي و مبتني بر دانش امروز نيست. درواقع فرزندان مـا را بـراي دنيـايي تربيـت ميكنند كه ديگر وجود ندارد. نويسندگان به جوانان امروز توصيه مـيكننـد كـه كـارآفرين باشـند. بـراي كارآفريني بايد سختكوش، خوشبين و ريسك پذير بود و بايد هوشمندي مالي داشت. هوشمندي مالي نيز از چهار عامل • آشنايي با حسابداري، • روشهاي سرمايه گذاري، • بازاريابي، • آگاهي از قوانين، حاصل ميشود. و بالاخره پيام اصلي كتاب اين است: “براي پول كار نكنيد، بگذاريد پول برايتان كار كند.
pooldar-shim.[taliem.ir]

پولدار شیم!

کتاب پولدار شیم جهت موفقیت مالی و رسیدن به استقلال مالی و ایجاد انگیزه و انرژی مثبت در شما عزیزان تهیه شده است. محتوای این کتاب اکثرا برگرفته از کتاب های موفقیت نویسندگان بزرگ در این زمینه، از جمله برایان تریسی، رابرت کیوساکی، اسپنسر جانسون و دیگر نویسندگان موفق می باشد، که این کتاب ها فوق العاده کاربردی به همراه ارائه راهکارهایی عالی جهت ثروتمند شدن هستند. بنده تلاش کردم با ادغام این کتاب ها و گزینش نکته ها و مطالب مهم و کلیدی آنها و ترکیب شیوه آموزشی این نویسندگان این اثر را تهیه کنم. هرچند که مطالعه کتاب های ایشان راحتما به شما توصیه می کنم. مطالبی که در مجموعه کتاب های پولدار شیم مورد بحث قرار خواهند گرفت، مدیریت مالی، شیوه های درست هدف گذاری، کارکرد قانون جذب، به کار گیری تصویر ذهنی جهت ایجاد انگیزه، نکات کلیدی کارآفرینی و کسب و کار، راهکارهای فروش، بیوگرافی چهره های موفق و ثروتمند، تمارین عملی و تصاویر انگیزشی و انرژی مثبت را شامل می شوند.
Basics.of.Human.Andrology.[taliem.ir]

Basics of Human Andrology

Testes are the principal male reproductive organs which are responsible for production of sperm and hormones required for development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics. Testes are paired ovoid extra-abdominal organs. The testis weighs 10.5–15 g and has an approximate length of 4.5 cm and 2.5 cm in breadth. Testicular volume in a normal adult human varies between 12 and 17 ml (Fattini et al. 1998). The gross anatomy of testis includes an outer tough fbrous capsule and two morphologically and functionally distinct compartments, namely, (1) the tubular compartment and (2) the interstitial compartment (see Fig. 1.1c).
Pathology.of.the.Bile.Duct.[taliem.ir]

Pathology of the Bile Duct

The bile duct system is a pathway of bile transportation from the liver to the intestine and plays a role of exocrine function of the liver. It consists of two different types of epithelial cells, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Anatomically as well as developmentally, the bile duct could be divided into intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD; extrahepatic hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, and common bile duct) system. Initially, the secreted bile is transported through the apical side of hepatocytes called as bile canaliculus and then transferred to the duct system (IHBD and EHBD). EHBD characteristically develops the peribiliary glands (PBGs) which are suggested to be a niche of progenitor cell for the hepatobiliary system. Recent studies have revealed that development of IHBD and EHBD is differently regulated during developmental stage of the liver. EHBD arises from a part of the pancreatobiliary domain of foregut endodermal epithelium. In contrast, IHBD develops from the hepatoblasts inhabiting in the fetal liver as a common progenitor cell for hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In this chapter, we frst show histology of the bile duct system and review recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of both IHBD and EHBD development.
Percutaneous.Penetration.Enhancers.Physical.[taliem.ir]

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

Transdermal drug delivery offers several advantages over traditional drug delivery systems such as oral delivery and injections (Prausnitz et al .2004). In spite of its advantages, transdermal drug delivery suffers from the severe limitation that the permeability of the skin to all but a few small and hydrophobic molecules is very low. Therefore, it is diffcult to deliver drugs across the skin at a therapeutically relevant rate. Only a handful of low-molecular-weight drugs are clinically administered by this route today. Overcoming skin’s barrier properties safely and reversibly is a fundamental problem that drives innovation in the feld of transdermal delivery.
Percutaneous.Penetration.Enhancers.[taliem.ir]

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Drug Penetration Into/Through the Skin

It is usually assumed that the travel of molecules through the skin membrane is governed simply by passive diffusion due to the absence of active transporters. From an atomistic point of view, diffusion is based on Brownian motion of particles in virtue of their thermal energy. From an empirical and more macroscopic understanding, the driving force of molecular movement is a concentration gradient of the diffusant in a medium and can be mathematically described by laws derived by Adolf Fick in 1855. Fick’s frst law (Eq. 1.1) relates the diffusion flux J (e.g., in mol/m2 s) to the concentration gradient. Here, D, the diffusion coeffcient, is a proportionality constant usually given in m2/s, and c the concentration at point x in space and time t.
Synaptic.Plasticity.[taliem.ir]

Introductory Chapter: Mechanisms and Function of Synaptic Plasticity

Many everyday experiences such as reading a book like this one, classroom learning, drug ­taking,­ or­ stressful­ situations­ can­ result­ in­ changes­ of­ our­ brain­ at­ different­ levels.­ These changes ­can­manifest­themselves ­in­ altering ­both­ the ­structure­ and­ function ­of­ neural­­ circuits .­Neural circuits are built by neurons, which form points of contacts with each other, the synapses .­A­given­neuron ­can ­form­ thousands of­ synapses ­on ­its ­ dendrites, ­cell­ body­ and axon, and through synaptic transmission, communicates information with other neurons in­ the­ nervous­ system.­ It­ is­ at­ the­ synapses­ that­ changes­ in­ brain­ function­ occur­ throughmodifcation­of­synaptic ­transmission­ termed­ synaptic­ plasticity ­(reviewed­ in­[2).­Below ,­a description of synaptic plasticity is provided in terms of its historical context, mechanisms of its ­different ­forms ,­and­ directions ­of ­research ­on­synaptic ­plasticity.
Stroke.Revisited.Diagnosis.and.Treatment.[taliem.ir]

Stroke Revisited: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

Although intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy was approved for treating acute ischemic stroke within 3 h of symptom onset in 1996, less than 5% of patients with acute stroke were receiving this treatment. To facilitate adequate care for acute stroke patients, the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) discussed the need to establish primary stroke centers (PSCs) where patients can receive emergency stroke care from qualifed teams and developed recommendations with criteria for PSCs in 2000. A consensus statement from the BAC with extensive recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs), a facility for stroke patients who require high-intensity medical and surgical care, was published in 2005. The Joint Commission began to certify PSCs in 2003 and CSCs in 2012. The “Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke” program, a popular database tool to record and track performance measures, was developed by the American Heart Association as a national quality improvement program. A third type of facility, the acute stroke-ready hospital (ASRH), is currently under development. An ASRH would have fewer capabilities than a PSC, but would be able to provide initial diagnostic services, stabilization, emergent care, and therapies to patients with acute stroke. This chapter introduces literature about stroke centers from the United States, Europe, and Japan and discusses the effectiveness and future challenges of stroke centers.
Stochastic.Modeling.And.Analytics.In.Healthcare.[taliem.ir]

Stochastic Modeling and Analytics in Healthcare Delicery Systems

This chapter discusses patient appointment scheduling that manages the patient inflow to the healthcare delivery system while satisfying patient needs. It directly affects the operations within the healthcare system and the matrices related to patient outcomes, patient safety, accessibility and timely care. Patient appointment scheduling is complex and challenging due to the uncertainties associated with patient demands, disease progression, treatments, procedures, supporting services and other environmental factors, such as regulations, reimbursement, etc. To manage these uncertainties, simulation or stochastic modeling techniques are frequently used to tackle this class of scheduling problems. This chapter provides an overview of both techniques and demonstrates each technique in an outpatient clinic setting and in a surgery scheduling setting respectively.