بایگانی برچسب برای: Services

Utilization.Management.in.the.Clinical.[taliem.ir]

Utilization Management in the Clinical Laboratory and Other Ancillary Services

Health-care costs in the USA grew at an alarming rate during the 1990s, doubling from $858 billion dollars in 1992 to $1638 billion dollars in 2002. By 2012 costs reached $2793 billion dollars , peaking at approximately 17 % of the gross domestic product (GDP). This exceeded the proportion of GDP spent by all other industrialized countries, with the Netherlands a far second at 11.8 % of its GDP in 2012 . Currently, the USA spends $8713 dollars per patient per year, more than twice the average of most industrialized countries in the world as shown in Fig. 1.1 . Policy-makers noted growing US health-care costs in the 1970s, but a robust economy could withstand, and at times support, this rate of growth. By the early 2000s, however, the rate of health-care spending growth sharply outpaced overall GDP growth. Coupled with an economic recession that decreased private sector revenue and available public funding, financing the US health-care system became an almost permanent fixture in the contemporary political discourse. This increased scrutiny continues to be relevant; the growth of health-care costs continued to outpace overall GDP growth until recently, inciting fears of mounting government debt, crowding out within the public sector, and increasing cost-shifting to individuals .
Building.Services.Handbook.[taliem.ir]

BUILDING SERVICES HANDBOOK

Acid † a substance containing hydrogen which can be replaced by other elements. Litmus paper in the presence of acidic water turns red. Alkali † a substance which will neutralise acid by accepting its hydrogen ions (H+). Litmus paper in the presence of alkaline water turns blue. More accurate definitions can be obtained by using hydrochemical electric metres. These measure the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in a relative proportion of water. This measure of acidity or alkalinity in solution is referred to numerically from 0†14 as the pH value. . pH < 7 indicates acidity . pH > 7 indicates alkalinity . pH = 7 chemically pure The quality of processed water is unlikely to be pure due to contamination at source. Rainwater † contaminated by suspended impurities as it falls through the air. These impurities are principally carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrous oxides originating from domestic flue gases and industrial manufacturing processes. The mixture of these impurities and rainfall produce `acid rain', an occurrence frequently blamed for the destruction of plant life. Surface and substrata water sources † contaminated by dissolved inorganic materials such as calcium, magnesium and sodium. These are responsible for water hardness as described on pages 5 and 17. Organic matter from decaying vegetation, animals and untreated waste water can also contaminate ground water supplies. These are normally associated with ammonia compounds in the water or bacteria. Certain types of bacteria present in water can be responsible for outbreaks of typhoid, cholera and dysentery. Chlorination, as described on page 5 is applied to filtered water to destroy any remaining bacterial microbes before general distribution through service reservoirs and mains.
Fire and Rescue Services[taliem.ir]

Fire and Rescue Services

This book is the third of a series on the management of the three ‘blue light’ emergency services, that is, Police Ambulance and Fire and Rescue Services. Following this brief introduction, it explores some of the contemporary issues in the leadership and management of the fre service in the context of the late twentieth and early twentyfrst century. This has been a period of major changes in the management of the emergency services in general and the Fire and Rescue Service in particular. As we write, it also appears to be giving way to a new era for Fire and Rescue Services, at least in England. The leadership of local services is effectively being transferred through the 2016 Crime and Policing Bill to directly elected mayors or to police and crime commissioners. This seems therefore like an appropriate time to take stock of the last 20 years.
Towards Extracting Customer Needs from Incident[taliem.ir]

Towards Extracting Customer Needs from Incident Tickets in IT Services

In many service relationships, customer encounters are not systematically exploited in order to gain valuable insights. However, text mining and analytics methods would provide effective means to systematically screen customer responses and automatically extract relevant business information. In this work, we develop a machine learning method as an artifact for screening incident information in IT Services to detect customer needs. We implement and evaluate the method in a realworld context with an IT provider covering several thousands ofincident tickets per year. We show that it is feasible to map incoming tickets to a domain-specific selection of needs—and, hence, enable the providers’ customer contacts to address unfilled needs with tailored service offerings. Thus, we contribute a methodology to service marketing and innovation managers to automatically and scalably monitor their customer base for additional sales opportunities