Initial and scarce attempts to operate the esophagus have been described since the seventeenth century, mostly due to traumatic injury ; however, the real history of esophageal surgery is relatively young compared to other organs. According to Fogelman and Reinmiller , esophageal surgery was both uncommon and poorly performed prior to the nineteenth century. This may be attributed to the fact that the esophagus is a peculiar organ. It has a unique anatomy: (1) important organs surround the esophagus in its entire length; (2) the esophagus crosses the neck, the chest, and the abdomen; (3) it lacks a serosa and its own artery, and (4) the lymphatic drainage is abundant and erratic . This leads to an exclusive surgical anatomy: (1) access routes to the esophagus may be variable and multiple; (2) oncologic margins are elusive; and (3) organs need to be prepared in order to replace it . Also, the esophagus has a distinctive physiology: (1) it is a digestive organ without known absorptive or endocrine functions; (2) it is bounded by two sphincters; and (3) it exhibits a motility pattern only at feed and different from other digestive segments.