بایگانی برچسب برای: Diabetes

Nutrition.and.Diet.in.Maternal.Diabetes.[taliem.ir]

Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes

Diabetes is a serious and growing disease with implications for health and development. More than 400 million people have diabetes . While the majority of cases consist of type 2 diabetes, hyperglycaemia and diabetes in pregnancy and their outcomes present a serious and increasing global challenge . Babies born to women with elevated blood glucose levels are at greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including foetal abnormalities, macrosomia, obstructed labour, and hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycaemia at birth . Even with the mildest forms of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP), both mother and child are at increased risk of later development of type 2 diabetes, carrying on the diabetes epidemic through future generations . Estimating the global burden of HIP is a challenge because of the variety of methods and definitions used . However, the public health importance of HIP is high and understanding the direction of the epidemic and those most vulnerable is essential to beginning the important work of turning the tide on diabetes.
Diabetes.and.Carb.Counting.For.Dummies.2017_p30download.com

Diabetes & Carb Counting

Once upon a time, the diet advice for people with diabetes was fairly con cise, and it went something like this — “Don’t eat sugar!” Well, guess what? That strategy didn’t seem to cure anybody. Strike one. Next up was - an attempt at the one-size-fts-all, handy-dandy, pre-printed tear-off diet sheet that directed you to follow your 1,800-calorie diabetes diet plan (or whatever calorie level you were assigned to). Not that many people were thrilled with being told to eat the exact same tedious diet pattern day after day for the rest of their lives. Strike two. Most recently, health experts have come to the conclusion that dietary interventions for people with diabetes should be individualized. That’s a home run, fnally! From here on out, when I use the word “diet” I’m referring to your overall food choices and pattern of eating. I don’t mean diet in terms of a temporary fx or in the sense of dieting for weight loss (although that can be built into the plan). When I say “diet,” I’m referring to the way you eat or aim to eat most of the time.
Diabetes.and.Exercise.From.Pathophysiology.to.Clinical.Implementation.[taliem.ir]

Diabetes and Exercise

Less than one percentage (0.93%, or 1.58 million) of the 1958 US population was diagnosed with diabetes . This was nearly six decades ago. Amazingly diabetes rates in the United States tripled from 1958 to 1991 [2.90% (or 7.21 million cases)] . Nearly all of the threedecade increase was from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [now called type 2 diabetes (T2D)], not in the juvenile form [now termed type 1 diabetes (T1D)]. In our opinion, the increase in T2D from 1958 to 1991 was relatively unnoticed. Since T2D is a noncommunicable chronic disease, we speculate that the increase of 5.63 million cases of diabetes over a three-decade period was less publicized than if 5 million people became infected with influenza, a communicable disease, in 1 week. It wasn’t until the mid-1990s that two landmark events began to garner limited attention to the T2D epidemic. First, over the roughly three-decade span from 1958 to 1991, the increase in diabetes prevalence linearly increased about 1% per decade, such that by 1991 it had tripled in percentage . From the year 1991 onward, the diagnosed percentage of diabetes was 2.90%, 2.93%, 3.06%, 2.98%, 3.30%, and 2.89% for the years of 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. Then after 1996, an upward infliction in the percentage gain of diagnosed diabetes occurred. Data will next be presented as percentage gain, rather than as absolute percentage of total diabetes cases, in a given time period. Whereas a 1% gain per 10 years in total US population occurred in total diabetes cases from 1958 to 1991, the percentage rate doubled during the next 15 years.
Diabetes.and.Aging-related.[taliem.ir]

Diabetes and Aging-related Complications

Renal senescence is accompanied by a gradual decrease in its function. Although it rarely causes clinical problems per se, superimposition of various diseases, such as diabetes, may accelerate this functional decline. Recent research has revealed some of the complex mechanisms of how diabetes promotes the aging process in the kidney, including the pathogenic roles of hemodynamic changes, tubulointerstitial hypoxia, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products, and impaired autophagy. Diabetes also modulates aging-related signaling pathways, such as sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin. Current therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease consists of glycemic control and antihypertensive treatment with renin- angiotensin system inhibitors. However, they fail to fully prevent the progression of diabetic kidney disease, raising an urgent need for novel therapeutic methods. Some pharmacological agents are being developed based on the knowledge of hemodynamic and molecular basis of diabetes- and aging-related kidney function decline.