The etymology of the word “taxonomy” is from the Greek taxis, meaning orderly arrangement, and nomos, meaning law. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary defnes “taxonomy” as the systemic classifcation of living things or organisms; however, more recently, the term has come to mean any specialized method of classifying objects or events. The aim of taxonomic classifcation of surgical complications is to permit comparison of adverse outcomes and assist in risk stratifcation. In this chapter, we review the existing broader surgical classifcation systems that may be applicable to female pelvic medicine as well as those systems specifcally developed for female reconstructive procedures.