توضیحات
ABSTRACT
Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris sp. are soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infecting domestic and wild mammals. The antagonistic effect of the saprophytic filamentous fungi Mucor circinelloides and Verticillium sp. was examined on eggs of T. leonina passed in the feces of captive lynxes (Lynx lynx) kept in a zoological park. The activity of M. circinelloides and Trichoderma atrobrunneum was tested on eggs of Trichuris sp. shed by captive dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius). The parasiticide activity was assessed by measuring the ovistatic (delayed development)and ovicidal (non-viability) effects on eggs placed in Petri plates, and by spraying spores directly onto fecal samples. Based on the observation of that hyphae of M. circinelloides, Verticillium sp. and T. atrobrunneum adhered to the eggshells, penetrated and destroyed the inner embryo, an ovicidal type 3 effect was concluded. Development of eggs of T. leonina and Trichuris sp. in the feces was delayed in the presence of all fungi, and onethird remained at the stage of zygote. A significant reduction of T. leonina viable eggs was recorded in the feces sprayed spores of M. circinelloides (58%) or Verticillium sp. (67%). Fifty percent of the eggs of Trichuris sp. became into non-viable by 30 days after the exposure to either M. circinelloides or T. atrobrunneum. It is concluded that distribution of the filamentous fungi M. circinelloides, Verticillium sp. and T. atrobrunneum constitutes a novelapproach to conduct the biological control of the STHs (T. leonina and Trichuris sp.) affecting wild animals captive in a zoological park.
INTRODUCTION
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are parasites involving roundworms (ascarids), hookworms and whipworms which can affect animals and humans. Infection occurs through the accidental ingestion of infective eggs in contaminated soil or food (Vandemark et al., 2010; Elsheika, 2011), which develop in the feces from unembryonated eggs shed by adult female worms localized in the intestine (Mateus et al., 2014; Hoopes et al., 2015). Embryonation happens in the feces or ground after several weeks, resulting in that a second stage larva (L2) originates inside the eggs of ascarids, which becomes into infective (Hendrix, 2014), whereas in the case of whipworms the eggs are infective when a L1 larva develops inside (Felsmann et al., 2017).
Year: ۲۰۱۸
Publisher : ELSEVIER
By : J.A. Hernández, C.F. Cazapal-Monteiro, F.L. Arroyo, M.I. Silva, A.M. Palomero, A. Paz-Silva,R. Sánchez-Andrade, M.S. Arias
File Information: English Language/ 7 Page / size: 450 KB
سال : ۱۳۹۶
ناشر : ELSEVIER
کاری از : J.A. هرناندز، C.F. Cazapal-Monteiro، F.L. Arroyo، M.I. سیلوا، A.M. Palomero، A. Paz-Silva، R. سانچز آندرايد، M.S. آریاس
اطلاعات فایل : زبان انگلیسی / 7 صفحه / حجم : KB 450
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