Ideal scapular function reflects its complex anatomy and in turn is foundational for all shoulder function. The scapula plays a multitude of roles. Anatomically, it is the “G” of the glenohumeral (GH) joint and the “A” of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. Physiologically, it is the “S” of scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR), the coupled and coordinated movement between the scapula and arm that allows the arm to be placed in the optimum position and motion to accomplish tasks. Biomechanically, it provides a stable base for muscle activation, a moving platform to maintain ball-and-socket kinematics, and an effcient link between the core, which develops force, and the arm, which delivers the force. Critical to these roles is normal scapular motion. To comprehend the complex biomechanics of the scapula, it is critical to have a deep knowl edge of the anatomy. It is not surprising that all types of shoulder pathology demonstrate altered motion. Frequently, assessment of scapular muscular attachments, innervation, motion, and position can provide key information on treatment options and guide rehabilitation. This chapter will concisely address pertinent aspects of anatomy of the scapula as it pertains to normal scapular function and clinical implications.