Thinking of the body, you can mistakenly face it as purely biological, a universal patrimony whereupon the culture would write different histories. After all, men of different nationalities show physical similarities. However, in addition to physical similarities or differences, a set of meanings that each society writes on their members’ body through time, these meanings define the body in various ways. Daolio, 1995 The original idea of this book arose from the observation of the high prevalence of skin diseases in the daily routine of health professionals who work for the Primary Health Care in Amazon’s indigenous areas and the absence of adequate support material for these professionals. As a result of an action-research called “Dermatologic Investigation and Evaluation of Jorge Lobo’s Disease Evolution in Caiabi Indigenous People, Central Brazil,” financed by the São Paulo Research Foundation – Fapesp (process 2006/03908-0), which had as its objectives, besides reviewing the Jorge Lobo’s disease cases, the performance of an investigation into the prevalence of dermatosis in the villages of the middle, lower, and upper regions of the Xingu Indigenous Park and the local health staff’s capacity to manage mainly skin diseases found in their daily local services. The production of this atlas was made by the cooperation of the Xingu Project, the Department of Preventive Medicine, and the Department of Dermatology of Escola Paulista de Medicina/Unifesp (EPM/UNIFESP).