The subject of anesthesiology spans the science and art of an entire clinical discipline. This includes material of basic and clinical sciences as well as particular pharmacology that encompass drugs to render man insensitive to pain, induce loss of consciousness, and paralyze muscles . Geriatric anesthesiology is an emerging, important area more narrowly focused on the art, science, pharmacology, and physiology pertaining to the elderly surgical population. Age is an imperfect descriptor of geriatric anesthesia because age alone does not defne the important changes that make older patients more challenging and different than normal adults. Nevertheless, age ≥65 years old is used arbitrarily to defne the geriatric population. Geriatric medical care has evolved from an empiric discipline in the 1950s and 1960s to a largely evidence-based practice today . An excellent short reference guide called Geriatrics at Your Fingertips is available in a small pocket edition as well as on the Internet . Perioperative geriatric anesthesia is very much at the frontlines of developing suffcient primary data on which to base practice guidelines. However, there are still only a few randomized controlled trials that provide class I evidence regarding perioperative care of the elderly, leaving the practitioner to extrapolate fndings from literature that has accumulated on geriatric care in other contexts that pertain to the perioperative setting.