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Clinical Approaches to[taliem.ir]

Clinical Approaches to Hospital Medicine

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5.7 million adults in the United States and current projections estimate the prevalence of HF will continue to increase. Accounting for more than 1 million admissions annually, HF is the leading cause of hospitalization among the Medicare age group with an overall 1-year mortality rate of 29.6% . In 2013, total cost for HF was estimated to be $30.7 billion with 68% being attributable to direct medical costs. Projections show that by 2030, the total cost of HF will increase almost 127% to $69.7 billion with an estimated $244 spent annually for every US adult . As an emerging issue in hospital care, the hospitalist provider can anticipate a large portion of admissions with either primary or comorbid HF. In this article, we will discuss: • How to recognize HF and classify accordingly • Key treatment modalities • When to consult subspecialists • Risk factors for re-admission and strategies for prevention
Dictionary[taliem.ir]

Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine

abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) Application for marketing authorisation if a drug has already received approval under a previous conventional NDA (applicable for generics); important drug properties as e.g. toxicity and safety have therefore already been documented; see also abriged application, approval, accelerated approval program. Aberdeen drug coding system Historic coding system; see code. abriged application EC: “the applicant shall not be required to provide the results of pharmacological and toxicological tests or the results of clinical trials if he can demonstrate: (i) either that the proprietary medicinal product is essentially similar to a product authorized ... and that the person responsible for the marketing of the original product has consented to the ... references contained in the fle being used ... (ii) or by detailed references to published scientifc literature (bibliographical application)... (iii) or that the product is essentially similar to a product which has been authorized within the Community ... for not less than 6 (10) years and is marketed in the Member State for which the application is made ... ; ... where the ... product is intended for a different therapeutic use from that of the other products marketed or is to be administered by different routes or doses, the results of appropriate pharmacological and toxicological tests and/or clinical trials must be provided”; the term is often used synonymously to generic application; see also abbreviated new drug application, accelerated approval program, hybrid procedure.