This article is intended to understand environmental management accounting, its increasing importance, and new developments. The global profile of environmental issues has risen significantly during the past two decades, precipitated in part by major incidents such as the Bhopal chemical leak (1984) and the Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989). These events received worldwide media attention and increased concerns over major issues such as global warming, depletion of non-renewable resources, and loss of natural habitats. This study paper highlights on the utilization and benefits of using environmental management accounting for firms. In order to realize the uses and benefits of such a system, a framework is drawn to develop and implement an environmental management accounting system within an organization. The paper also compares and finds the difference between traditional financial accounting method and environmental management accounting to outline the importance of the later system in the current business environment. The research paper also discusses the methods of finding environmental costs and how the companies can accrue saving and generate revenues by separating environmental costs from general accounting. The paper attempts to find out the basic benefits companies can garner by adopting an efficient environment management accounting practice which has the primary role to lead a company in the path of progress through eco-friendly initiatives. Furthermore, the research would validate the use of system in aiding management decisions regarding designing environmental friendly products, attuning production process and managing wastes.

Specific expert systems are used for supporting, speeding-up and adding precision to in silico experimentation in many domains. In particular, many experimentalists exhibit a growing interest in workflow management systems for making a pipeline of experiments. Unfortunately, these type of systems does not integrate a systematic approach or a support component for the workflow composition/reuse. For this reason, in this paper we propose a knowledge-based hybrid architecture for designing expert systems that are able to support experiment management. This architecture defines a reference cognitive space and a proper ontology that describe the state of a problem by means of three different perspectives at the same time: procedural, declarative and workflow-oriented. In addition, we introduce an instance of our architecture, in order to demonstrate the features of the proposed work. In particular, we model a bioinformatics case study, according to the proposed hybrid architecture guidelines, in order to explain how to design and integrate required knowledge into an interactive system for composition and running of scientific workflows.