بایگانی برچسب برای: CONSUMPTION

Estimating the demand for gasoline in developing countries Senegal[taliem.ir]

Estimating the demand for gasoline in developing countries: Senegal

This paper estimates the aggregate demand for gasoline in Senegal from 1970 to 2008. The long-term and short-term elasticities of demand with respect to gasoline prices and income are of paramount interest in this study. In Senegal, rising food prices, unemployment and shortage of electric supply are always associated with the spiking cost of world oil prices. To understand the external shocks of world oil price and demand for gasoline in Senegal, this study tested a log linear model against the linear model of the demand-for-oil function with lagged dependent variables as an explanatory variable. Here, the linear specification of the demand for oil is rejected in this study in favor of the log linear. The natural log transformation is typical when using high frequency data and significantly reduces skewness and kurtosis. Generally in this study, I found that short run elasticity is smaller than long-run elasticity and gasoline demand is inelastic with respect to both price and income for both the short and long runs in Senegal. This is why researcher like Moosa posits that "this assertion can be rationalised on the grounds that oil is such an important commodity that does not have close substitutes at least for its uses" (1998, p. 3).
GUIDELINES FOR CONSUMPTION OF FISH AND[taliem.ir]

GUIDELINES FOR CONSUMPTION OF FISH AND SHELLFISH FROM CLEAR LAKE, CACHE CREEK, AND BEAR CREEK (LAKE, YOLO, AND COLUSA COUNTIES)

The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), formerly part of the Department of Health Services (DHS) but now in the California Environmental Protection Agency, issued a health advisory in 1987 for sport fish from Clear Lake (Lake County) based on mercury contamination in edible fish tissue collected from the lake (Appendix I). Since the advisory was issued, additional data have been collected for Clear Lake fishes as well as for fish from surrounding water bodies, including Cache Creek and Bear Creek. The Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (CVRWQCB) compiled a large dataset comprised of historical and more recently collected fish tissue data principally for Clear Lake but including data from the nearby water bodies. The CVRWQCB used this dataset to develop a Total Daily Maximum Load (TMDL) for mercury for Clear Lake to lower mercury levels in the watershed such that human and wildlife health are protected (Cooke, 2002). This dataset was reviewed by OEHHA, and data suitable for issuing fish consumption advisories were selected and used to update the advisory for Clear Lake and to determine whether there may bepotential adverse health effects associated with consuming sport fish from Cache Creek and Bear Creek.