توضیحات
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the present work is to investigate experimentally of simple gas hydrate formation with or without the presence of kinetic inhibitors such as modified starch in a recirculation flow mini-loop apparatus. For this purpose, a laboratory recirculation flow miniloop apparatus was set up to measure the induction time for hydrate formation and gas consumption rate when a hydrate forming substance (such as C1, C3, CO2 and i-C4) is contacted with water in the absence or presence of dissolved inhibitor under suitable temperature and pressure conditions. In each experiment, a water blend saturated with pure gas is circulated up to a required pressure. Pressure is maintained at a constant value during experimental runs by means of the required gas make-up. The effect of pressure on gas consumption during hydrate formation is investigated with or without the presence of poly vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and modified starch as kinetic inhibitors at various concentrations. Our results were shown that the modified starch can be applied as inhibitors in prevention of simple gas hydrate formation in mini-loop apparatus.
INTRODUCTION
Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline inclusion compounds that are formed at high pressure and low temperature conditions by the hydrogen bonding of water molecules, with the assistance of gases such as methane, ethane, or propane . Since Hammerschmidt reported the formation of hydrates in gas pipelines in 1934, the problem of hydrate blockage of flow channels has been of major importance to the energy industry. The oil and gas industry is expanding into deepwater and frozen areas for exploration and production of oil and gas. Thus the problem of hydrate blockages is becoming more of a challenge. Major efforts are being put forth to use traditional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors such as methanol, glycol or electrolyte. The effectiveness of these inhibitors is well known, but large concentrations are needed, which sometimes impacts project economics. Some additives such as methanol are harmful to the environment. Low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) have been proposed as a new means of preventing hydrate blockage in flow channels. LDHIs include anti- agglomerants (AAs) and kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) .
Year: 2013
Publisher : 2nd National Iranian Conference on Gas Hydrate (NICGH)
By : Mohammad Reza Talaghat
File Information: English Language/ 10 Page / size: 322 KB
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سال : 1392
ناشر : دومین کنفرانس ملی هیدرات گاز (NICGH)
کاری از : محمدرضا طلاقت
اطلاعات فایل : زبان انگلیسی / 10صفحه / حجم : KB 322
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