توضیحات
ABSTRACT
The early repolarization pattern and J wave were recognized during the very early period after the invention of the ECG. While the J wave has been reported to become prominent in particular circumstances, i.e., hypothermia, hypercalcemia, and brain damages, early repolarization has long been considered to be a benign fnding, which is attributable to the defnition of early repolarization during the period that included not only end-QRS notching/slurring but also ST segment elevation continuing to the upward concave ST segment and tall T wave. The prevalence of an early repolarization pattern and its predictive value has varied widely among the studies published more recently, which presumably were due to the diversity of the defnitions. In the reports, either in case control studies or population studies, showing an association between an early repolarization pattern and cardiac or arrhythmic death, the defnition has been based on J point elevation with notched or slurred J wave in the inferior or lateral leads, while early repolarization based on ST segment elevation seldom has shown any increased risk. The accumulated evidence has also demonstrated that even in those with J point elevation, the arrhythmic risk does not increase with a concave ST segment morphology. The defnition of an early repolarization pattern should be unifed and standardized to better stratify the risk of arrhythmic death.
INTRODUCTION
The point between the QRS and ST segment in an electrocardiogram (ECG) was historically called the “RS-T junction” . At this junctional point, later named the J point, depolarization ends and repolarization begins. In most ECG recordings, no particular deflections are seen at the J point, but distinct waves or end-QRS notching can be observed in rare cases, which are called J waves . A burial of the J wave in the QRS can also be manifested as an end-QRS slurring. In 1938, Tomaszewski reported a J wave in a case who accidentally froze to death. Fifteen years later ,Osborn described the J wave in dogs with experimental hypothermia as a “current of injury,” because it manifested at a rectal temperature under 25 °C and gradually increased before the development of ventricular fbrillation (VF). After his outstanding work, the J wave was named the “Osborn wave,” but earlier reports suggested that the J wave was not specifc for hypothermia. It was also seen in clinical cases or experimental models with hypercalcemia , head injuries , . or subarachnoid hemorrhages.
چکیده
الگوی Repolarization اولیه و موج J در دوره بسیار اولیه پس از اختراع ECG شناخته شد. در حالی که موج J گزارش شده است که در شرایط خاصی نظیر هیپوترمی، هیپرکلسمی و آسیب های مغزی برجسته می شود، دفن زودهنگام به زودی به عنوان یک بیماری خوش خیم در نظر گرفته شده است که به علت دفع اولیه زودرس در دوره ای که شامل نه تنها قطعه قطعه QRS / slurring، بلکه همچنین افزایش ارتفاع قطعه ST به بخش ST بالا و مقعر بالا و موج بلند T می شود. شيوع الگوي عقيمي زودهنگام و ارزش پيش بيني آن در مطالعاتي که اخيرا منتشر شده اند به طور گسترده اي متفاوت است، که احتمالا به دليل تنوع نقص ها، متفاوت است. در گزارش ها، یا در مورد مطالعات کنترل یا مطالعات جمعیت، نشان دهنده ارتباط بین یک الگوی repolarization اولیه و مرگ قلب و یا آریتمی است، defiction بر اساس ارتفاع نقطه J با موج زاویه دار یا ضخیم J در منجر پایین تر یا جانبی، در حالی که Repolarization زود هنگام بر اساس ارتفاع قسمت ST، به ندرت نشان دهنده افزایش خطر است. شواهد انباشته نیز نشان داده است که حتی در کسانی که با افزایش ارتفاع نقطه J، خطر آریتمی با یک مورفولوژی مقطعی مقطع ST افزایش نمی یابد. تعریف یک الگوی بازسازی اولیه باید یکپارچه و استاندارد شود تا خطر مرگ و میر را کاهش دهد.
مقدمه
The point between the QRS and ST segment in an electrocardiogram (ECG) was historically called the “RS-T junction” . At this junctional point, later named the J point, depolarization ends and repolarization begins. In most ECG recordings, no particular deflections are seen at the J point, but distinct waves or end-QRS notching can be observed in rare cases, which are called J waves . A burial of the J wave in the QRS can also be manifested as an end-QRS slurring. In 1938, Tomaszewski reported a J wave in a case who accidentally froze to death. Fifteen years later ,Osborn described the J wave in dogs with experimental hypothermia as a “current of injury,” because it manifested at a rectal temperature under 25 °C and gradually increased before the development of ventricular fbrillation (VF). After his outstanding work, the J wave was named the “Osborn wave,” but earlier reports suggested that the J wave was not specifc for hypothermia. It was also seen in clinical cases or experimental models with hypercalcemia , head injuries , . or subarachnoid hemorrhages
Year: 2016
Publisher : SPRINGER
By : Wataru Shimizu
File Information: English Language/ 108 Page / size: 4.89 MB
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سال : 1395
ناشر : SPRINGER
کاری از : واتارو شیمیزو
اطلاعات فایل : زبان انگلیسی / 108 صفحه / حجم : MB 4.89
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