توضیحات
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is highly prevalent globally. The estimated number of people with uncontrolled hypertension is nearly 1 billion (around 15% of the world population), with the number predicted to increase to 1.56 billion by the year 2025 . Due to its high prevalence, hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and endstage kidney diseases. The increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has led to the estimation that hypertension causes 13% of all deaths (around 7.5 million deaths worldwide). Patients are considered to have hypertension when their systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg and/or their diastolic blood pressure is ≥90 mmHg . However, raised blood pressure, even within the normal range, is positively and continuously related to mortality and morbidity—each increment of 20 (systolic)/10 (diastolic) mmHg of blood pressure doubles the risk of ardiovascular diseases Hence, the number of people at risk is higher as the prevalence of raised blood pressure for .adults (aged ≥25 years) is around 40%
INTRODUCTION
GWASs have identified over three hundred plus SNPs/loci associated with blood pressure and/or primary hypertension over the past decade (Table 1). Meta-analyses of GWASs have made the biggest contribution as they allowed for larger sample sizes and more extensive imputation panels. Despite these advancements, genetic variation identified so far only explains ~3–6% of the variance for blood pressure, approximately 1 mmHg per allele systolic blood pressure or 0.5 mmHg per allele diastolic blood pressure . Further, the vast majority of GWASs were performed predominantly in Caucasian populations with only a few studies assessing or replicating in other populations even though high blood pressure burden risk is ranked number one in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, and Middle East . This suggests the existence of many more undiscovered SNPs/loci or at the very least SNPs unique to other populations that are not of Caucasian ancestry. For example, one meta-analysis on Oriental populations found five Oriental-specific loci near CAPZA1, FIGN, ENPEP, NPR3, and PTPN11 (near C12orf51) associated with hypertension . Either the differences in environmental exposures/lifestyle factors or genetic background can explain why ethnic/racial susceptibility loci exist.
Year: ۲۰۱8
Publisher : HINDAWE
By : Afifah Binti Azam and Elena Aisha Binti Azizan
File Information: English Language/ 15 Page / size: 1.23 MB
سال : ۱۳۹6
ناشر : HINDAWE
کاری از : Afifah Binti Azam و النا Aisha Binti Azizan
اطلاعات فایل : زبان انگلیسی / 15 صفحه / حجم : MB 1.23
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